Resolution No. 45 of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated December 24, 2020 "On Certain Issues of Dispute Resolution on surety" is a large-scale document containing a significant number of legal positions of the highest judicial instance, which are analyzed in this publication. Understanding and assimilating such numerous and detailed approaches of judicial practice to the interpretation of the norms of the law on surety is not an easy task, which this book is designed to help solve. Although surety is a classic representative of a system of ways to ensure the fulfillment of an obligation, having long-standing traditions dating back to Roman law, there are still many difficult questions both in science and in practice, the search for answers to which is an urgent task of modern jurisprudence. This publication attempts a thorough analysis of the text of the said Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, examines the development and change of relevant legal positions, identifies controversial aspects and legal risks in this area of legal relations. The relevant comments contain some recommendations on contractual work when concluding surety agreements. Special attention is paid to the nuances of both the text of the Resolution in question and the substance of the relevant aspects of legal relations and their dynamics. The book is intended mainly for practicing lawyers.